Geo-economic order-building, as one of the fundamental pillars of strategic order formation in West Asia, has increasingly become a central orientation of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s regional foreign policy, playing a stabilizing economic role in its peripheries. The neighborhood policy, grounded in economic diplomacy within the geo-economic cluster of Central Asia and the Caucasus, has provided Iran with a commercial breathing space through its accession to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The export of consumer and capital goods to this region in order to strengthen non-oil exports and generate foreign exchange has been among the primary objectives of joining the Union. This study addresses the research question: What are the opportunities and challenges facing Iran’s membership in the Eurasian Economic Union for geo-economic influence and participation in Central Asia and the Caucasus? The hypothesis suggests that the main opportunities lie in expanding export markets and enhancing geo-energy convergence with member states, while the major challenges include the lack of economic complementarity among members and competition in energy exports. The research adopts a descriptive-explanatory method.