https://sazmanbeynolmelal.csr.ir/ International Organization en daily 1 Thu, 04 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0330 Thu, 04 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0330 https://sazmanbeynolmelal.csr.ir/article_228381.html Today, the role of regional organizations such as BRICS in reducing the consequences of the dollar and de-dollarization on the global economy is one of the key issues in the global economy. From this perspective, BRICS, as a club of emerging economies, has special capacities such as economic diversification, natural resources, and large domestic consumption markets to reduce the role of the dollar. Evidence suggests that BRICS members have established independent financial mechanisms such as the New Development Bank and alternative payment systems and have taken steps to strengthen economic cooperation among members and develop strategic partnerships, which can help reduce costs and regulate new mechanisms in this regard. However, this process faces challenges such as domestic political and economic differences among BRICS members, resistance from Western economies, and the complexities of coordinated and common policies. Accordingly, the main question of this research is how BRICS can reduce dependence on the dollar and what opportunities and bottlenecks exist in this regard? In response to this hypothesis, it is proposed that BRICS can reduce the role of the dollar in the global economy by strengthening economic diversification, creating new trade mechanisms, and strategic partnerships. This research aims to identify economic strategies, opportunities, and bottlenecks in the path of dedollarization and attempts to evaluate this issue in relation to a global order. The results of the research indicate that dedollarization has led to strengthening economic independence and reducing economic and political dominance at the global level, and this change in the global economic order paves the way for more sustainable development of BRICS members. This research, using dependency theory and a qualitative method and an analytical-descriptive approach, has analyzed economic structures and unequal relations between the center and the periphery. https://sazmanbeynolmelal.csr.ir/article_221467.html This article seeks to answer this question by raising the question of why the European Union, despite its success in economic integration, has not been very successful in political-security integration and achieving a single voice in the international arena; by dividing the challenges facing the European Union's common foreign and security policy into three categories: structural, internal, and external challenges. In a short answer, it can be said that an examination of the existing challenges shows that the most important obstacle to the full realization of the European Union's common foreign and security policy is primarily due to the insistence and emphasis of member states on preserving national government structures such as national sovereignty and national interests. The result of the emphasis on preserving national state structures in the supranational arena is a unique situation that leaves the European Union suspended between a confederal and a federal structure. This fluid structure has been fully manifested in the process of decision-making in various policy areas. Despite the influence of other factors mentioned in the article, the conflict between national (national sovereignty and national interests) and supranational (limitation of national sovereignty and adjustment of national interests to common interests) approaches at the European Union level is considered the most important obstacle to the full realization of the European Union's common foreign and security policy. https://sazmanbeynolmelal.csr.ir/article_221468.html The purchase and sale of drugs was considered legal until the 19th century. Beginning in the early 20th century, as the global community realized the destructive power of these drugs in human societies, initial collective measures were taken to impose restrictions on the purchase and sale of drugs. After that, and before the formation of the United Nations, several international conventions were concluded in the field of drug control. With the formation of the United Nations in 1945, the process of combating drugs took a more coherent form, one of its main features being the fight against drug supply. This article will answer the question of what approach the United Nations has adopted towards the fight against drugs since its inception, and what the main components of that approach have been, using a library and document study method. A review and analysis of the United Nations' collection of international documents, resolutions, and conventions on drug control shows that the United Nations' approach until the 1980s was forceful, strict, and focused on combating supply. After this decade, and given the results of coercive interventions against drug supply, the United Nations shifted its approach towards tackling demand. https://sazmanbeynolmelal.csr.ir/article_220465.html The dynamic nature of the international order and distribution of power has transformed the international environment into an arena of rapid political, military, and security developments. The establishment of NATO was also the result of one of these developments, including rapid expansion of Soviet's military and geopolitical power. The organization has faced many challenges throughout its life, one of the most important of which was the collapse of the Soviet Union and the disappearance of its founding philosophy. But in the post-Cold War era of international relations, NATO not only sustained its life by relying on its strategic concepts, using Russia's in its domestic power transition, as well as highlighting emerging threats such as terrorism, but also increased its members from 16 countries -before the collapse of the Soviet Union- to 30 countries in 2020. Despite NATO's high level of adaptation to international developments, the global distribution of power is changing rapidly, posing fundamental challenges to the organization. The present study seeks to address three key issues, including the challenges and threats facing NATO in assessing the international political and security environment, NATO's strategy for dealing with these threats, and finally its consequences. Using a descriptive-analytical method, while extracting the system of threats facing NATO, this article deals with some of the most important pillars of NATO's strategy for implementation until 2030. Finally, the global implications of NATO's new strategy are analyzed as well. https://sazmanbeynolmelal.csr.ir/article_220464.html Due to the proliferation of technologies underlying weapons of mass destruction and the non-membership of Iran's regional rival, Israel, in the organization, and despite the indicators for the success of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), there are always concerns about the consequences of Iran’s membership in the OPCW, meaning that by joining the organization, Iran will not only lose its weapons-based deterrence, but also is exposed to intelligence threats by providing the organization with confidential onformation. The main question of the present study is what legal-political, defense and security opportunities Iran will enjoy and what threats it will face by joining the CWC and the OPCW. The purpose of this research is to accurately explain the opportunities and threats in order to benefit more from them to secure Iran's interests. The findings show that the implicit threats of membership in the CWC and the OPCW are also present in the case of non-membership. However, the direct and implicit opportunities for Iran's membership in the convention and the organization are unavoidable. https://sazmanbeynolmelal.csr.ir/article_221672.html Regarding Iran’s presence in international organizations, it should be noted that since the Islamic Revolution, there has been a prevailing skepticism within the political system toward Western- and US-centered international organizations. Nevertheless, in line with its look to the east foreign policy, its competition with the West, and its desire to engage with the Global South and developing countries, Iran has consistently welcomed participation in regional and transregional organizations that are not viewed with suspicion by the political system and are not in conflict with the principles of the Islamic Revolution. This study, drawing on realist theories concerning the role, status, and purpose of international institutions and organizations, explores the structure, nature, and position of the transregional BRICS group and examines Iran’s membership in this alliance. The research question is: What implications and consequences does Iran’s membership in BRICS hold for the country? From a realist perspective, it is evident that BRICS serves as a balancing tool for China against US hegemony. Thus, the Islamic Republic of Iran, by joining BRICS and aligning with the hegemony of China (and Russia) as favorable partners against the dominant hegemony (the US), aims to challenge the narrative and norms of American hegemonic threats and promote a multipolar global order. Iran also seeks to benefit from this membership through expanded relations with the Global South—from East Asia to Africa and Latin America—enhanced regional trade, infrastructure and economic development, foreign investment attraction, energy exchange and oil sales, sanctions mitigation, and ultimately transforming into an international transit hub. Accordingly, from a realist viewpoint, cooperation is not impossible; rather, it can be leveraged when it aligns with national interests and power. This study employs a descriptive-analytical method and is based on library and online sources. https://sazmanbeynolmelal.csr.ir/article_221678.html This study examines the role of emerging powers specifically BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) in reshaping global governance and challenging Western hegemony. It analyzes how BRICS influences international norms, economic policies, and political alliances, thereby redefining global power dynamics. The central research question is: How do BRICS countries collaborate to counter Western influence in international institutions? The article hypothesizes that through collective action and strategic partnerships, BRICS effectively challenges Western dominance by promoting inclusive development agendas and advocating for reforms in global governance structures. This case study employs qualitative analysis of BRICS summit outcomes, policy documents, and expert interviews to evaluate the bloc’s impact on global governance. The findings suggest that while BRICS faces internal challenges and external skepticism, its pursuit of a more multipolar and equitable international order reflects a shifting geopolitical landscape.