The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a highly capable entity with considerable potential, characterized by features such as extensive territory and population, the permanent membership of two of its members (China and Russia) in the United Nations Security Council, and a range of significant capabilities. Given Iran’s permanent membership in this organization, this development is expected to have notable implications and consequences. Accordingly, it is essential to examine the dimensions of Iran’s permanent membership in the SCO, focusing on both opportunities and challenges, as the findings can facilitate policymaking in Iran’s foreign policy. The main research question is: “What impact does Iran’s permanent membership in the SCO have on its geopolitical weight?” This study assumes that Iran’s permanent membership can enhance its geopolitical weight in the region and yield political, economic, and security benefits. Accordingly, after reflecting on the formation and persistence of the SCO, this research investigates and analyzes Iran’s permanent membership, its outcomes and consequences, and evaluates its impact on Iran’s geopolitical standing in the region.