Reforms in the World Trade Organization (WTO) have been a persistent topic since its establishment, encompassing issues such as the reform of special and differential treatment and the reform of consensus-based decision-making mechanisms. Persistent disagreements between developed and developing countries, as well as their divergent perspectives on the foundational purpose of the organization, have thus far hindered the realization of reforms. Developed countries regard the ultimate goal of the WTO as the establishment of free trade among nations and advocate for its extension to electronic commerce and intellectual property trade. Conversely, developing countries consider the primary objective to be the development of all member states, emphasizing that adopting a comprehensive outcome from the Doha Development Round is a prerequisite for initiating new negotiations aimed at organizational reform. Moreover, following the crisis in the Dispute Settlement Body triggered by the United States, reforming this organ has emerged as one of the most contentious aspects of WTO reform. Achieving consensus in decision-making has effectively stalled the organization’s policy-making mechanisms, while new issues in international trade, such as electronic commerce, have introduced additional complexities compared to the WTO’s founding context. Considering recent developments in international trade, including the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in U.S. administration, the necessity for comprehensive reforms in the WTO has become increasingly unavoidable. This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach to identify the key factors influencing the WTO reform process and to assess the potential impact of these reforms on the organization’s future and the broader international trade system.